refactor: use std::from_chars instead of stoi/stoll/stod

[HuaHuaY]

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR refactors numeric parsing to prefer std::from_chars-based parsing and consolidates call sites onto a single StringUtils helper, reducing reliance on exception-throwing std::stoi/stoll/stod in parsing paths.

Changes:

• Replace StringUtils::ParseInt with a new templated StringUtils::ParseNumber and update call sites across the codebase.
• Switch various parsing sites (JSON/type parsing, transform parsing, metrics parsing, schema utilities) to use ParseNumber instead of stoi/stod/direct from_chars.
• Minor tweak to error helper overload in result.h (take std::string by value and move).

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 14 out of 14 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
src/iceberg/util/string_util.h	Introduces ParseNumber to centralize numeric parsing via std::from_chars.
src/iceberg/util/decimal.cc	Uses ParseNumber<uint64_t> in decimal digit-group parsing.
src/iceberg/util/config.h	Replaces stoll/stod with ParseNumber for default config conversions.
src/iceberg/update/update_properties.cc	Switches format-version parsing to ParseNumber<int32_t>.
src/iceberg/update/snapshot_update.cc	Switches summary integer parsing to ParseNumber<int64_t>.
src/iceberg/transform.cc	Switches regex param parsing from stoi to ParseNumber<int32_t>.
src/iceberg/snapshot.cc	Switches snapshot property parsing to ParseNumber<int64_t>.
src/iceberg/result.h	Adjusts error factory overload to move std::string messages.
src/iceberg/parquet/parquet_writer.cc	Switches codec level parsing to ParseNumber<int32_t>.
src/iceberg/parquet/parquet_schema_util.cc	Switches field-id parsing to ParseNumber<int32_t>; adjusts includes.
src/iceberg/metrics_config.cc	Switches truncate length parsing to ParseNumber<int32_t>.
src/iceberg/json_serde.cc	Switches fixed/decimal param parsing from stoi to ParseNumber<int32_t>.
src/iceberg/avro/avro_writer.cc	Switches codec level parsing to ParseNumber<int32_t>.
src/iceberg/avro/avro_schema_util.cc	Switches attribute id parsing to ParseNumber<int32_t>; cleans up includes/formatting.

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[zhjwpku]

std::from_chars can parse floating point number, so +1 for changing ParseInt to ParseNumber.

Thanks for working on this.