[devtools] Auto-record after-transform graph in ETRecord

[Gasoonjia]

Stack from ghstack (oldest at bottom):

• [devtools] Add reference_graph parameter to calculate_numeric_gap #17459
• -> [devtools] Auto-record after-transform graph in ETRecord #17434
• [devtools] Add preprocessing support to NumericalComparatorBase #17433

When to_edge_transform_and_lower is called with generate_etrecord=True and custom transform_passes are applied, the after-transform graph is now automatically recorded in the ETRecord's graph_map under the key "edge_after_transform". This enables backends like Qualcomm to use the post-custom-transform graph as the golden reference for numeric gap calculation, while have zero impact for regular exportation.

This is part of the operator-level numeric discrepancy detector project for ExecuTorch Qualcomm backend (#16381).

Design doc: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GaCHiy9InytOsUrl2BKEgOiP1iKTfpCVdWg6QDh0N2E/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.fcrpnrtb6cud

Differential Revision: D93176563

[pytorch-bot]

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❌ 3 New Failures, 1 Unrelated Failure

As of commit 4fbd7ab with merge base 6e31609 ():

NEW FAILURES - The following jobs have failed:

• pull / test-samsung-models-linux / linux-job (gh)
  test_inception_v3_fp16
• pull / unittest-editable / macos / macos-job (gh)
  backends/xnnpack/test/ops/test_conv2d.py::TestConv2d::test_fp16_conv2d
• Test CUDA Builds / test-model-cuda-e2e (mistralai, Voxtral-Mini-3B-2507, quantized-int4-tile-packed) / linux-job (gh)
  RuntimeError: Command docker exec -t b8cbdc1dff00005a6ed9dc7502be0f7a0b62aaaf1cee80a52a4bf80853c78c14 /exec failed with exit code 1

FLAKY - The following job failed but was likely due to flakiness present on trunk:

• Test CUDA Builds / test-model-cuda-e2e (nvidia, parakeet-tdt, quantized-int4-weight-only) / linux-job (gh) (detected as infra flaky with no log or failing log classifier)

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